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What is Hand Arm Vibration? Hand Arm Vibration is the effect of long term or extreme vibration exposure from power tool use. It can result in the following medical conditions. vibration white finger carpal tunnel syndrome permanent and painful tingling and numbness in the hands and arms damage to bones in the hands and arms painful joints and muscle weakening Not too nice is it? It is estimated that hundreds of thousands have advanced vibration white finger. Minimizing HAV More modern tools are designed to reduce vibration. Some tools isolate the human contact zone from the vibrating parts - which is excellent. So in purchasing power tools for yourself or your employees consider this very strongly, not just to be a nice fellow but as far has health and safety go it is a sound investment. International codes have been implemented that require revealing the vibration level of a tool. The units of vibration are in meters/second/second. Try to avoid using tools above 2.5 Regular maintenance and tuning of tools will keep them operation at recommended level, and always give appropriate training in using the tool and using the right power tool for the job. Power tools are great and used safely they are even better. How To Do Your Own Computer or Laptop Memory Upgrade Titus Hoskins 2fc8 Upgrading the memory in your computer or laptop is one of the easiest and most cost-effective ways of improving your computer's performance. Still many computer owners shy away from any memory upgrade for a number of reasons: lack of knowledge, warranty issues, fear of ruining their computers, compatibility concerns, or just an innate feeling that the inside of their computer is just some alien territory they must never venture. Like a lot of things in life, a computer memory upgrade seems more complicated than it actually is. Most of the apprehension comes from a lack of knowledge. Let's face it, the average computer user may only have a vague idea about RAM, Motherboards, Graphics Cards and the like. They know their computer works when they turn it on and that's all that really matters to them. However, what most people don't realize is that with a little investment of time and a few dollars, they can make their computer work better and faster. It's an investment that will quickly pay for itself; not only will you save time when doing your daily computer chores, but the overall enjoyment of your computer or laptop will greatly increase. It's best to tackle this problem or task with some good information concerning all the factors involved in the upgrading of your computer's memory. Let's start with the basics and work from there. Get Out Of Jail Free Card! (*Shortcut! Don't have the time or desire to read all the 'ins and outs' of a RAM or memory upgrade but still want to upgrade your system. Go to the author's resource box below and click the link. It will take you to a page where you can find a Memory Advisor tool which can scan your system and tell you which memory upgrades are possible with your particular computer or laptop.) First Step - Know Your RAM RAM or random access memory. This is what the computer uses to run applications and data on your computer. You need it to run your computer's OS operating system, your need it for handling graphics, files, web-browsing, e-mail and multi-tasking. RAM is vital to the operation of your computer. As a general rule, the higher the amount of RAM you have - the faster your computer will work or run. To complicate things somewhat, there are many types of RAM. The type of RAM in your computer or laptop may depend on the year it was made. From mid-2004 a lot of the computers have DDR2 (double data rate, second generation) SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM). Before that time many computers had DDR (double data rate, first generation) SDRAM. Most older systems use SDR (single data rate) SDRAM, fast page mode (FPM), or extended data out (EDO). To complicate things even further, most of the types of RAM comes in different speeds! DDR2 SDRAM - is a new standard that can boost conventional SDRAM memory up to speeds well over 200MHz and beyond. For example, the new IBM ThinkPad T43, thanks to the Sonoma Chipset or platform has 533MHz DDR 2 SDRAM. This is much better than standard SDRAM which tops out around 150-166MHz and DDR SDRAM which starts at 200MHz and goes up to around 400MHz. Keep in mind, DRAM means Dynamic Random Access Memory and SDRAM means Synchronous Dynamic RAM. And to really confuse you, having a faster RAM speed does not (by itself) make your computer go faster, you must upgrade or increase the AMOUNT of RAM in your computer system to increase performance. Also keep in mind your computer was made to accept a specific memory speed and there's no benefit from going beyond that limit. It's usually recommended that you get the fastest speeds for your system, this will permit for better compatibility and make it easier for future upgrades. Second Step - Know Your Machine Without a doubt, compatibility is the most important factor in buying a memory upgrade for your laptop or computer. It's essential that any upgrade be compatible with your computer or machine, i.e. otherwise it just won't work. Therefore, you have to know the amount and kind of RAM you have in your computer or laptop. The best way to find this is to check your owner's manual. It should tell you the type of RAM your system is using, it should also tell you the maximum amount of RAM your system can take. Obviously, an easy way to make sure you don't exceed the maximum memory on your computer, just subtract your current memory from the allowed limit listed in your system specifications. For instance, if your computer takes a maximum of 512MB of RAM and you have 256MB installed - then you can upgrade to an additional 256MB of RAM (512MB - 256MB = 256MB). You should also be aware that DDR is not backward/forward-compatible, which means that if you're upgrading a computer that doesn't have DDR technology, it won't take a DDR upgrade. Likewise, DDR2 is not backward-compatible, which means if your system doesn't have DDR2 technology, it won't accept a DDR2 upgrade. So check your system very carefully and see what kind of RAM it has and the maximum amount of RAM it will take. You must also check to see if your computer's warranty will be null and void if you install the RAM yourself! Some manufacturers actually seal your computer case and you must have an authorized technician to install your RAM. Third Step - How Much RAM Do You Need? It's generally agreed that you need at least 256MB for Windows XP and Mac OS X. You will only need 128MB for other operating systems in Windows or Mac. Most general office work and heavy multi-tasking may need 512MB of RAM. Gamers or Professional Graphic workers usually need the most RAM - up to 2GB or more of RAM. Please note, installing a faster speed RAM (as noted earlier) will not increase the speed of your computer or laptop. The only way to increase the speed of your computer is to increase the AMOUNT of RAM you have in your system. Going from 256MB of RAM to 512MB of RAM will speed up your computer. Going to 2GB of RAM will make it go even faster. Benchmark testing has shown that you can get from 28% up to 43% increase in performance, depending on the amount of RAM increase. However, there's always a spoiler, other parts of your computer must be able to handle this increase. Your computer will only go as fast as your slowest link. In other words, you may have to upgrade other elements in your computer to receive the benefits of a memory upgrade. Make sure you check this factor first before your make your memory upgrade. Otherwise, you may just be wasting your time and money. Another consideration is the Memory of your Video or Graphics Card in your system. The amount of VRAM is the major factor in your display's resolution and color depth. A faster and more powerful upgrade in your Graphics Card will give you increased performance especially for handling graphics and videos, as in 3D Gaming. Fourth Step - Ordering Your RAM There are over 110,000 different memory upgrades you can choose from! There are many places to order your RAM, from your local computer store to online sites. If you're ordering online, one the most highly rated sites is Crucial.com - these people are memory experts and know their memory! They are a part of Micron, one of the largest DRAM makers in the world. Perhaps, what's more important, Crucial has very high consumer satisfaction ratings from other third party rating sites. This gives you an unbiased recommendation or indication that the service and product is top-notch. Even more important, they have the Crucial Memory Advisor™ tool which will scan your computer system and tell you what memory upgrades are available. They also back up their products with a lifetime warranty. Some other thing to keep in mind when ordering your RAM. Many desktop systems or computers use what's called non-parity memory which means it does not need ECC (error correction code) or parity modules. Registered, buffered, and unbuffered are other terms that will come up - they refer to how a certain memory module processes signals. Usually, most PC systems take unbuffered RAM and rely on the motherboard controller to help process memory. Registered RAM is used mostly in servers. Fifth Step - Installing Your New Memory or RAM If you order your RAM online, you will receive your RAM module in an anti-static bag, along with detailed instructions on how to install your RAM. On modern system boards, RAM is installed on SIMM or DIMM modules (SODIMM in notebooks). One of the most important things to do when installing RAM or working with your Computer is to 'Ground Yourself' to make sure you don't 'Shock' your computer with static electricity. You can take some simple precautions to prevent this from happening. If you have wrist straps designed to prevent shocks, you need to wear them. If you don't have wrist straps, here's a simple way to ground yourself: You should turn off your computer, monitor, plus all accessories (speakers, printer, scanner). Unplug your computer and any accessories. Then quickly touch an unpainted part of your computer case and keep your feet planted in one position while installing your RAM. If you walk around, repeat the process above before you touch any internal parts of your laptop or computer. Open up the back of your computer or laptop. Depending on your model, you may need a screwdriver. If you have a laptop or notebook, the memory slots are sometimes located under the keyboards. Most times, it's in the back of your laptop - check your manual for the location of your laptop's memory. Depending on your upgrade, you may have to replace your RAM module with the New one, in other cases, you will be adding any extra module or two. Follow the specific directions that come with your RAM upgrade - installing the RAM is only a matter of a Push and a snap! Your RAM upgrade will snap into their memory slots without too much difficulty. Before you close the case, turn your computer or laptop on to see if your new RAM is installed. You will see it on the startup screens or you can easily check it by going into 'My Computer' under properties - if you're using Windows. Basically, this is how to do your own computer or laptop memory upgrade. There may be other elements or aspects you might want to check out before installing your new RAM but follow the guidelines above and the detailed instructions that come with your RAM module or modules and you should be OK. If you have any trouble, click the link in the resource box below. They have extensive detailed guides that you can follow. If may be a good idea to check out these guides first, before you order your memory, to see the kind of procedure you will have to do to install your RAM. Realizing how simple this procedure is may relieve some of your initial fears concerning a memory upgrade for your system. This site also has 'live' help where you can chat to Expert Memory Technicians if you are still having problems. --------------- http://www.ideamarketers.com/./library/article.cfm?articleid=72730 | ||||||||||||||||||||
